Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology refers to the technology that deals with atomic or molecular-level study. The word nano came from the Greek word which means dwarf or very small .hence the study is related to all scales the nanoparticles are the 1billionth part of the meter.
nanotechnology is introduced in 1959 by Richard Feynman .its main concept was introduced characterized, by the production and application of structure, devices, and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre. Nanotechnology is very helpful in the field of agriculture.
Nano pesticides are chemicals that are produced at nano levels or bank scales which are very. Very small in size and having enormous surface area, nano pesticides are basically developed for the less use of pesticides and reduce pollution,
because the use of more amount of regular pesticides causing many effects on soil health as well as also causing eutrophication which causes the death of fish and other microorganisms which are beneficial for the growth and development of plants and some are also suitable for soil health.
the formulation of nanoparticles is also very different from the regular pesticides they are prepared at the nanoscale the are formulated by the polymer packaging which includes the whole chemical mixed uniformly next is nano suspension it includes the solid nanoparticles which are solved or mixed in the aqueous solution .nanoemulsion in this formulated the nanosized droplets of the particles drop out in the water with surfactant molecule.
the nano-encapsulated polymer in this type of formulation the hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules are enclosed in the polymer-encapsulated layer.
nanospheres in which the nanoparticles are spread uniformly into the whole polymer matrix .nanogels are also known as hydrophilic gels in these types of gels the particles are Formed by the cross-linking of a polymer having the hydrophilic group nanofibers are produced by electrospinning, thermally induced phase separation. Since the inexperienced revolution, chemical fertilizers are deemed an imperative input of recent crop production systems, however, these have associated environmental and ecological consequences.
Loss of nutrients from agricultural fields within the style of natural action and aeriform emissions has been the leading reason for environmental pollution and climate change. guaranteeing the property of crop production necessitates exploring alternative sources of nutrients and modifying prevailing nutrient sources. Nanotechnology, which utilizes nanomaterials of lower than a hundred nm size, could provide an unexampled chance to develop targeted sources of plant nutrients having higher absorption rates, utilization efficacy, and minimum losses.
Nanofertilizers are being ready by encapsulating plant nutrients into nanomaterials, using skinny coating of nanomaterials on plant nutrients, and delivering within the style of nano-sized emulsions. Nano-pores and stomatal openings in plant leaves facilitate nanomaterial uptake and their penetration deep within leaves resulting in higher nutrient use potency (NUE).
Nanofertilizers have higher transport and delivery of nutrients through plasmodesmata, which are nanosized (50–60 nm) channels between cells. The upper NUE and considerably lesser nutrient losses of nano fertilizers result in higher productivity (6–17%) and biological process quality of field crops.
However, production and availability, sufficient effective legislation, and associated risk management are the prime limiting factors in their general adoption as plant nutrient sources. It is a very important fertilizer and is now in trend,most people adopt them because they are creating a health environment, reduces pollution, and also reduces biomagnification and eutrophication.
as well both are responsible for providing a good food crop for human consumption and the health of the humans also becoming good.